How the VAMP ratio is calculated
Visa's 2025 fact sheet defines the ratio as the count of fraud reports (TC40) plus disputes (TC15), divided by the count of settled transactions (TC05), on card-not-present VisaNet transactions, domestic and cross-border. The ratio counts transactions, not their value, and Visa measures it each month.
Two things are left out, depending on the timing of the data: disputes resolved through pre-dispute solutions, and fraud that qualified for Compelling Evidence 3.0.
The VAMP thresholds in Visa's 2025 fact sheet
- Acquirer portfolio, Above Standard: 50 basis points or more
- Acquirer portfolio, Excessive: 70 basis points or more
- Merchant, Excessive: 220 basis points or more in the EU, Asia-Pacific, Canada and the US, reduced to 150 on 1 April 2026
- Minimum to be identified in those regions: 1,500 fraud reports and disputes in the month
- Enumeration, or card testing: a ratio of 2,000 basis points, and a count of 300,000 enumerated authorisations
The updated thresholds took effect on 1 June 2025, with an advisory period to 30 September 2025. Latin America and the CEMEA region have their own figures.
What VAMP means for acquirers and merchants
An identified acquirer or merchant has to put risk controls in place. Under the Visa Core Rules of 18 April 2026, Visa may require an acquirer or its merchant to deploy remediation tools, and may assess a payment facilitator or a single merchant as well as the acquirer. The detail sits in the Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program Guide, a document for Visa's clients.
Acquirers pass the pressure on, often through lower limits of their own. Fraud counts even where no chargeback follows, which is why merchants watch TC40 reports as well as disputes.
VAMP or a chargeback ratio?
- Chargeback rate
- Counts disputes only. The VAMP ratio adds fraud reports to them, so it is higher for the same merchant.
- Mastercard's programmes
- Mastercard monitors chargebacks and fraud in separate programmes, each with its own measure.
Where VAMP shows up in a platform
Modules that do the work
- Fraud & riskReal-time fraud scoring, limits and case management, with the risk engines you already trust.
- Card acquiringCard acceptance on the phone, in store and online, through the acquirer you choose.
- Analytics & monitoringProduct analytics, attribution, engagement and crash reports, on a tracking plan you control.
- Merchant onboardingBusiness sign-up, verification and underwriting, from application to first payment.
Platforms that need it
Guides that go deeper
Where it is written
The laws and standards this page's facts come from.
- Visa, Visa Acquirer Monitoring Program fact sheet, 2025
- Visa Core Rules and Visa Product and Service Rules, 18 April 2026: section 10.4.3.1
General information, not legal advice: what applies to you depends on your services and your market.